indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
spiritually rich; good for the soul
will; probably; may; I think; surely; I hope
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
to write down; to note; to jot down; to remember
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
above ground; on the ground; earth's surface; this world; this earth
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be born; to come into the world
in spite of; nevertheless; although; despite; no matter the; regardless of
to recall; to remember; to recollect
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
nature (of a person); sex; gender; sex (i.e. sexual attraction, activity, etc.); gender; -ty
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
reason; cause; circumstances
looking; viewing; (please) try (to)
to talk about; to speak of; to recite; to chant; to indicate; to show
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
elopement; running away with a lover
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
from the standpoint of; as a matter of (e.g. fact); aboard (a ship or vehicle); on top of; first volume (e.g. book); superior quality; best
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
foot-operated bellows; foot bellows
castle (in place names); castle; fortress