indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
home town; birthplace; native place; (arch.) ruins; (arch.) historic remains
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
above ground; on the ground; earth's surface; this world; this earth
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come into being; to be born
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
looking; viewing; (please) try (to)
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
by means of; due to; because of; according to
to wake up (someone; by calling out); to awaken; to bring back (e.g. memories); to evoke; to recall
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
running alone; running solo; having a large lead (over the others); being far ahead (of everyone else); having one's own way; ignoring others' opinions and acting as one wishes
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
danger; peril; hazard; risk
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
to force; to compel; to coerce; to press; to impose
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that
to repel; to drive away; to repulse; to reject
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
reprimand; rebuke; reproach; scolding
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
opposition; resistance; antagonism; reverse; opposite; inverse
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
tactics; strategy; military operation; naval operation
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
armaments; military preparations
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be ready; to be prepared; to be in order; to be put in order; to be adjusted; to be regulated
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to