young man; young woman; young people; young employee; young manservant; young follower
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
failure; mistake; blunder
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
new ground (science, art, etc.); new front; new scope; frontier
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates supposition; if ... then; when; (typically after someone's name) indicates exasperation
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
party (gathering, celebration, etc.); party (group, political, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
brat; kid; urchin; preta; hungry ghost
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
charge; cost; generation; age; era; a representative of; on behalf of
pocket money; spending money; pin money; allowance
hole; hole (in golf); (golf) cup; (electron) hole
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding