indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
beyond; across; the other side; the distance
Chinese "star" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); Singapore
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
star (usu. not including the Sun); planet (usu. not including Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); star (actor, player, etc.); small dot; spot; star point (in go)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
original; unique; distinctive; independent; one's own; personal
to make progress; to develop; to evolve (method, style, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
civilization; civilisation; culture; Bunmei era (1469.4.28-1487.7.20)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to build; to construct; to erect; to amass (e.g. fortune); to pile up
thorough; exhaustive; complete
to destroy; to crush; to break by striking; to spoil; to ruin
gold (Au); golden (color); valuable; of highest value; money; gold coin; Friday
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
first come, first served; the early bird catches the worm
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
adds force or indicates command
go that far; to that extent
Iron Fist (countermeasure)
pirate; sea robber; buccaneer; freebooter
first-person plural (or singular); second or third person plural (implies speaker is of higher status than those referred to)
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
jūbako; multi-tiered food box; heavy; serious; extreme; -fold
clothing; dressing; binding (of a book)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
master (of a house, shop, etc.); husband; sir; boss; patron of a mistress, geisha, bar or nightclub hostess; sugar daddy
it's been a long time; long time no see