indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
beyond; across; the other side; the distance
Chinese "star" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); Singapore
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
star (usu. not including the Sun); planet (usu. not including Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); star (actor, player, etc.); small dot; spot; star point (in go)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
original; unique; distinctive; independent; one's own; personal
to make progress; to develop; to evolve (method, style, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
civilization; civilisation; culture; Bunmei era (1469.4.28-1487.7.20)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to build; to construct; to erect; to amass (e.g. fortune); to pile up
treasure; picture of a treasure ship; money; cash
to send; to forward; to hand over (e.g. money)
pirate; sea robber; buccaneer; freebooter
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
big catch (fishing); good haul
first-person plural (or singular); second or third person plural (implies speaker is of higher status than those referred to)
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
(a) grain; (a) drop; (a) bead
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
yawn; yawning; kanji "yawning" radical (radical 76)
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
what; what sort of thing; everything; anything; what (on earth)?; what's the meaning of this ...?
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
document; official papers
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
splendid; fine; praiseworthy; creditable; legal; legitimate
service; duty; business; Buddhist religious services
that kind of; of the sort; of the kind; such
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
people; citizens; subjects; folk