this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
performance; take; game; season; actual sexual intercourse (i.e. not simulated); penetration
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
result; consequence; coming to fruition; bearing fruit; as a result; consequently
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to board; to embark on; to get into (a car); to march into; to enter
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
position; situation; viewpoint; standpoint; point of view
from the standpoint of; as a matter of (e.g. fact); aboard (a ship or vehicle); on top of; first volume (e.g. book); superior quality; best
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
honest; frank; candid; honestly; frankly
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
to wither (of a plant); to be blasted; to die; to mature (of one's personality, abilities, etc.)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to give one's name (as); to introduce oneself (as); to claim to be; to call oneself; to reveal oneself (as); to admit to being
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
gold (Au); golden (color); valuable; of highest value; money; gold coin; Friday
the future (usually distant); future tense; the world to come
sake cup; cup for alcoholic beverages; counter for cupfuls, bowlfuls, spoonfuls, etc.; counter for boats; counter for octopuses and squid; cup (in sports)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
substance; essence; real (in economics, vs. nominal, e.g. real interest rate); substantive; substantial
work (e.g. book, film, composition, etc.); opus; performance; production
samurai on horseback; (medieval) knight
doubt; distrust; suspicion (of)
detective; investigator; sleuth; detective work; secret investigation