book; volume; this; present; main; head
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to collect; to gather; to arrange; to put in order; to make uniform; to make even
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
judgment; judgement; decision; verdict
divine sword (one of the three sacred treasures)
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
by means of; due to; because of; according to
to break (into pieces); to be broken; to collapse; to crumble; to become less formal; to throw off reserve
to lift up; to hold up; to give; to offer; to devote; to sacrifice
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
colour; color; complexion; skin colour; look (on one's face); expression; appearance
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
fellow; mutual; companion; comrade
start; commencement; beginning; initiation
one (esp. of two); the other; on the one hand; on the other hand; whereas; although
rumbling; (ringing) cadence
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
violent; furious; extreme; intense; fervent; vehement
magic sword; cursed sword
summons; summonsing; citation; subpoena; arraigning; calling
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
(emotional) tension; anxiety; (highness of) spirits; (good) mood; tension; tensile strength
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!