Musashi (former province located in parts of present-day Tokyo, Kanagawa and Saitama prefectures)
(ancient) Japan; Yamato (former province located in present-day Nara Prefecture)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
to sink (e.g. a ship); to submerge; to lower (e.g. one's body into a chair); to floor (an opponent)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
spokesperson; speaker (for someone); mouthpiece; voice (e.g. for the ordinary citizen)
alone; by oneself; on one's own
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to accept; to receive; to agree
difficult to ...; hard to ...
emotion; feeling; feelings; sentiment
indicates uncertainty or second hand nature of information quoted
to deny; to contradict; to negate (esp. a sound); to drown out
for; for the sake of; to one's advantage; because of; as a result of
denial; negation; negation (logic); NOT operation
anything and everything; just about everything
nothing; naught; nought; un-; non-
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come to (in the end); to end in; to attribute; to blame
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
request; favour (to ask); wish; please
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
Maritime Self Defense Forces (Defence)
warm welcome; friendly reception; hospitality; entertainment