state of affairs (around you); situation; circumstances
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
severe; strict; hard (to do); difficult; intense (e.g. cold); harsh (weather)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
restoration; repair; mending
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
big; large; drastic; full-width cloth (approx. 72 cm wide for traditional Japanese clothing; approx. 140 cm wide for Western clothing)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
insufficiency; deficiency; shortage; dissatisfaction; discontent; complaint
emergency measure; emergency procedures; first-aid treatment; stop-gap treatment; temporary repairs
degree; amount; grade; standard; of the order of (following a number); about
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
encroachment; erosion; corrosion
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
remaining bullets; remaining ammunition
zero; 0; nought; nothing; zilch
now; the present time; just now; another; more
company; lot; bunch; troupe; company (of musicians)
to attack; to assail; to succeed (someone in a post, role, etc.); to make a sudden visit
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
Island; insula; island; islet
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
safety; security; safely; without incident; good health; inaction
base (military, expedition, etc.)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
than; from; out of; except; but; more
incoming telephone call; telegram received
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
oscillation; vibration; swing (e.g. of a pendulum)