indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
emperor; ruler (with a heavenly mandate); heavenly being; celestial being
strict; close; precise; scrupulous
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to catch (someone's words); to make out; to follow; to ask about (a situation, circumstances, etc.); to inquire
to belong to; to come under; to be affiliated with; to be subject to
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
dangerous weapon; lethal weapon; deadly weapon; murder weapon
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
(not) ever; (not) by any means; (not) in the least; (not) in any way; (not) at all
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
divergence; ramification; bifurcation; branching off
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
delightful; joyous; joyful; happy; desirable; welcome
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
revolution; rotation; turning; turning (an aircraft or ship)
to become known; to come to light; to be known; to be understood; to clearly not amount to much; to be insignificant
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
family; members of a family
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
assembly hall; meeting place; venue; grounds
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
movement; move; motion; trend; development; change
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)