and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
murder; killing; murderer
to stop (moving); to come to a stop; to stop (doing, working, being supplied); to come to a halt; to alight; to perch on
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
certain; sure; doubtless; I have no doubt; You can depend on it; It's a safe bet
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to some extent; to a certain extent
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
essential; important; crucial; vital; main
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
direction; way; person; lady; method of; manner of; care of ...
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
difficult; hard; impossible; unfeasible; fussy; particular; gloomy
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
plan; policy; means; fifth principle of the Eight Principles of Yong; right upward flick
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
how; in what way; by what means
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey