you (people); gentlemen; ladies and gentlemen; my friends
examination; consideration; test; quiz
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
flesh; meat; flesh (of a fruit); pulp; the physical body (as opposed to the spirit); flesh; thickness
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
picking up trash; collecting garbage
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
pretty; lovely; clean; clear; completely; entirely
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
honorific/polite/humble prefix
some time ago; recently; lately; last (Sunday, etc.); previous
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
state; condition; circumstances; sight; spectacle
yes?; no?; isn't it?; is it?
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
opposite side; other side; over there; that way; the other party; the other person
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
unlawful dumping (e.g. of garbage)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
to take; to carry (something) away; to bear
adds force or indicates command
to guess; to sense; to presume; to sympathize with; to sympathise with