I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
(any) particular; special; material; perceptible; noticeable
achievement; feat; meritorious deed; distinguished service
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to show someone (into a room)
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to cross over; to go across; to extend; to cover; to range
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to shut oneself in (e.g. one's room); to be confined in; to be filled with (emotion, enthusiasm, etc.); to fill the room (of a gas, smell, etc.); to be heavy with (e.g. smoke); to be muffled (e.g. voice); to hold (a castle, fortress, etc.)
to act violently; to rage; to struggle; to be riotous
insect; bug; worm; roundworm; one's emotions; one's feelings; nervousness
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
slowly; quietly; steadily; soon; momentarily; before long
to make noise; to make racket; to rustle; to swoosh; to make merry; to clamor; to clamour
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
signal; signalling; signaling; traffic light; traffic signal
to stop; to cease; to come to an end; to cut off
contacting; (making) contact; connection (with a train, bus, etc.); joining (a railway line, etc.); connection (between matters, incidents, etc.); relation
to come off; to be removed; to disappear (of pain, a fever, etc.); to be caught; to be harvested; to be interpreted (as); to be taken (as)
state; condition; the way things should be; ideal state; truth
black; black go stone; guilt; guilty person
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
a little; a bit; somewhat; slightly; rather
hard problem; person hard to please; hard nut to crack
thing that should be (carefully) avoided; no-no; thing to definitely not do; something forbidden; taboo
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
pivot hinge (using extensions on the top and bottom of a door that fit into cavities in the frame); sliding wooden bolt (for holding a door or window shut)
stone; jewel; precious stone; flint (in a lighter); stone (in go); stone (in the bladder, kidney etc.); calculus
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
collection; recovery; withdrawal; retrieval
to go; to come; to be defeated; to collapse; to be annoyed; to be nonplussed
trouble (I have put you through); (your) hard work; thank you for your hard work; I appreciate your efforts
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
to collect; to assemble; to gather