indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
again; once more; a second time
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
safety; security; safely; without incident; good health; inaction
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
repatriation; return; (electrical) feedback
to be scattered about; to disperse; to be littered (with)
pivot hinge (using extensions on the top and bottom of a door that fit into cavities in the frame); sliding wooden bolt (for holding a door or window shut)
stone; jewel; precious stone; flint (in a lighter); stone (in go); stone (in the bladder, kidney etc.); calculus
almost; roughly; approximately
collection; recovery; withdrawal; retrieval
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to include (in a group or scope); to instruct; to make one understand; to include (a nuance); to put in (an implication); to put in (someone's) mouth
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
six; six years of age; six o'clock (old time system)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
investigation; examination; inquiry; enquiry; survey
depending on the ...; to depend on the ...
in one go; in one gulp; in one breath; immediately; instantly; right away
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to advance; to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to improve; to deepen
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
obligation; duty; charge; responsibility
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to accomplish; to fulfill; to carry out
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
near; close; close (in time); soon; close (relationship); friendly
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
young lady of noble birth; princess (esp. in Western contexts, tales, etc.); girl; small; cute; (arch.) prostitute
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
just (now); quite (near); unintentionally; subconsciously
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
image (on a screen); picture (e.g. on a TV); video; film; reflection; image (in one's mind)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
certain; sure; doubtless; I have no doubt; You can depend on it; It's a safe bet
spy; agent provocateur; covert operative; maker; builder; constructor
two persons; two people; pair; couple
split among friends; falling out; internal discord
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
in that way; thus; so; so?