repair; mending; fixing; servicing
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
really; truly; indeed; good grief
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to leave behind; to misplace; to forget
one night; one evening; all night; overnight
leaving as is; leaving alone; leaving to chance; neglecting; abandoning
result; consequence; coming to fruition; bearing fruit; as a result; consequently
to melt; to thaw; to fuse; to dissolve
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
to eat; to live; to make a living; to bite; to sting (as insects do); to tease; to torment
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
honorific/polite/humble prefix
warrior (esp. of military retainers of daimyos in the Edo period); samurai; (arch.) man in attendance (on a person of high standing); (arch.) retainer
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
to break; to be broken; to be folded; to give in; to back down; to turn (a corner)
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
sword (esp. Japanese single-edged); katana; scalpel; chisel; burin; knife money (knife-shaped commodity money used in ancient China)
before one knows; before one becomes aware of; unnoticed; unawares
as before; as ever; as it was originally
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
circumference; girth; surroundings; neighbourhood; people surrounding oneself; surrounding circumstances
material; substance; matter
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
absorption; suction; attraction
restoration; repair; mending