present age; present day; today; modern era; modern times
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to live; to get along; to spend (time)
senior high school student
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
by a strange coincidence; in an unexpected turn of events; by chance; by accident
Warring States period (of Japanese history, approx. 1467-1568 CE); Sengoku period; Warring States period (of Chinese history, 403-221 BCE); era of vicious competition
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
to resemble; to look like; to be like; to be alike; to be similar; to take after
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
substitution (for someone else); substitute; stand-in; scapegoat; sacrifice
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
the whole world; the whole country; society; the public; supremacy over a nation; government of a country; having one's own way
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to aim at (for, to do, to become); to try for; to have an eye on; to go toward; to head for
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to aim at (with a weapon, etc.); to be after (something or someone); to have an eye on; to aim for; to set up as a goal
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
general; admiral; head; chief; old chap; mate
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
similarly; same (idea); same (name)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to let fly; to make fly; to skip over; to leave out; to run fast; to drive fast; to spray
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
police officer; policeman; policewoman
yakuza; gangster; mobster; useless; worthless; good-for-nothing
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
meeting; rendezvous; encounter; confluence
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
one (esp. of two); the other; on the one hand; on the other hand; whereas; although
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
than; from; out of; except; but; more
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding