present age; present day; today; modern era; modern times
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to live; to get along; to spend (time)
senior high school student
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
by a strange coincidence; in an unexpected turn of events; by chance; by accident
Warring States period (of Japanese history, approx. 1467-1568 CE); Sengoku period; Warring States period (of Chinese history, 403-221 BCE); era of vicious competition
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
that way; that direction; there; that (one); you; your family
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
gallant; brave; imposing; awe-inspiring; severe; biting
face; mask; face guard; (in kendo) striking the head; surface (esp. a geometrical surface); page; aspect
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make (the best) use of; to put to good use; to let live; to keep alive; to revive; to resuscitate
substitution (for someone else); substitute; stand-in; scapegoat; sacrifice
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
feudal lord; (arch.) mansion; (arch.) palace
honorific/polite/humble prefix
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates uncertainty or second hand nature of information quoted
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
really; truly; indeed; good grief
use; adoption; acceptance; appointment; employment; engagement
hindrance; obstacle; to visit (someone's home); demon who hinders Buddhist training; demon who obstructs sentient beings from maintaining moral behaviour
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
grandfather (may be used after name as honorific); male senior-citizen (may be used after name as honorific)
the whole world; the whole country; society; the public; supremacy over a nation; government of a country; having one's own way
to mediate; to intervene; to smooth
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
(some) more; even more; longer; further
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become