this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
from time immemorial; ancient; time-honoured; time-honored
than; from; out of; except; but; more
to be handed down; to be introduced; to be transmitted; to be circulated; to go along; to walk along
tradition; legend; folklore
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
school building; schoolhouse
opposite side; bottom; rear; back; lining; inside; in the shadows
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
geta; Japanese wooden clogs; turn (in set-type proofing); upside-down character
box; case; car (of a train, etc.); shamisen case; shamisen; public building; community building
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
letter; missive; note; mail
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
to summon; to call (e.g. phone); to convene; to invoke (e.g. subroutine); to call; to open (e.g. a file)
iron plate; steel plane; sure thing; certain winner
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
nevertheless; at any rate; even so; all things considered; be that as it may
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indeed; really; absolutely; truly; actually; very
outrageous; scandalous; inexcusable; disgraceful; shameful; rude
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
attention; notice; care; caution; advice; warning
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
probably isn't (doesn't, won't, etc.); don't (doesn't) intend to; intend not to; must not; (when used in an imperative sentence) don't
look!; look out!; hey!; look at me!; there you are!
to lend; to loan; to rent out; to hire out
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
name; given name; first name