the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
junior high school; middle school; lower secondary school
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
number one; first; best; most; game; round
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
unthinkable; unexpected; absolutely not!; far from it!; (it was) no bother at all; not at all
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to help; to assist; to aid; to contribute to; to be a factor in
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
any; anything; whatever; I am told; I hear; I understand
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to give (someone) a treat; to be extravagant; to live luxuriously; to be proud; to be haughty
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
lunch; noon; midday; daytime; waking up; getting up
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
serious; not joking; straight
most; highest; maximum; best; wonderful; finest
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to fall down; to drop; to be omitted; to be missing; to decrease; to sink; to fail (e.g. exam or class)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
dog (Canis (lupus) familiaris); squealer; rat; loser; asshole; counterfeit
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
now; the present time; just now; another; more