indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
bird; bird meat (esp. chicken meat); fowl; poultry
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
star (usu. not including the Sun); planet (usu. not including Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); star (actor, player, etc.); small dot; spot; star point (in go)
to look at; to gaze at; to look out over; to get a view of; to look on (from the sidelines); to stand by and watch
sky; heaven; God; svarga (heaven-like realm visited as a stage of death and rebirth); deva (divine being of Buddhism); top (of a book); sole (of a Japanese sandal)
to measure; to weigh; to survey; to conjecture; to infer; to surmise
fleeting; transient; short-lived; empty (dream, etc.); mere (hope); faint (possibility)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
one's future; one's fate; one's way; one's path
to tell someone's fortune; to forecast; to predict; to divine
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to guide; to lead; to show the way; to derive; to deduce
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to get close; to cuddle close together; to nestle close to; to snuggle up to
to move; to shift; to inspire; to rouse; to change; to alter; to operate
precious; valuable; priceless; noble; exalted; sacred
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
than; from; out of; except; but; more
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
source (of a river); fountainhead; source; origin; root
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
eternity; perpetuity; permanence; immortality
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to light (a candle, lamp, etc.); to turn on (a light)
mud; slush; (wet) dirt; thief
ship; boat; tank; tub; counter for boat-shaped containers (e.g. of sashimi)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
penalty; sentence; punishment
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
July; seventh month of the lunar calendar
second day of the month; two days
stamp; seal; seal impression; seal; mudra (symbolic hand gesture); ninja hand sign
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)