indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
no; that's wrong; it's not like that; isn't it?; wasn't it?
to cease; to desist; to cut it out; to lay off (an activity); to drop (a subject) to abolish; to resign
to be late; to be delayed; to fall behind (in a race, one's studies, etc.); to lag behind; to be bereaved of; to be preceded by (someone) in death
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
debut; doing something for the first time; starting anew; starting afresh
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to be used to; to get accustomed to; to train; to discipline; to tack (in needlework); to baste
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
to associate with; to keep company with; to go out with; to go along with; to follow someone's lead; to accompany someone
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
(in a) long time; long time (ago); while (ago); long ago; long while (ago); (in a) long while
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
boss; leader; head; boss (difficult enemy, usu. at the end of a section or level)
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
unusual; rare; new; novel; fine (e.g. gift)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out
to invite; to ask (someone to do); to tempt; to lure; to induce (tears, laughter, sleepiness, etc.); to arouse (e.g. sympathy)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to be worried; to be troubled
change of pace; change of mood; (mental) break (e.g. going for a walk); refreshment
as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
stage (theatre, theater); scene or setting (e.g. of novel, play, etc.)
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...