authority; expert; counter for messages, letters, notes, documents, etc.; understanding (esp. of male-female relations); tact; supernatural powers
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
soon; shortly; nearly; almost
excursion; field trip; school trip
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
by the way; in this connection; incidentally; in passing
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Niigata (city, prefecture)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
Osaka (city); (arch.) large hill
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
than; from; out of; except; but; more
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
travel; trip; journey; excursion; tour
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
first of all; at once; right away; for now; for the time being
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
therefore; for that reason; such being the case
room allocation; assignment of rooms