unusual; rare; new; novel; fine (e.g. gift)
head (chief, director) of a section or department; head of a (school) club; head of a (school) team
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
huff!; yo-heave-ho!; heigh-ho; to butter up; to suck up to
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
curling inwards (esp. the tips of one's hair)
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
(not) at all; (not) in the slightest; wholly; entirely; extremely; very
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
life; living; I; me; student
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
suffix for familiar person
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
avenue; street; coming and going; street traffic; flow (of water, air, etc.); transmission (of sound); reach (e.g. of voice)
foreigner; foreign citizen; foreign national; alien; non-Japanese
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
as a child; when one was a child
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
(somebody else's) parents; both parents
honorific/polite/humble prefix
circumstances; condition; to arrange; to manage; to lend money; to raise money
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward