ancient times; distant past; antiquity
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
identification; ID; identity
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
riddle; puzzle; enigma; enigmatic; mysterious
genuine article; real thing; real deal
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to lock up; to shut up; to imprison
card (information, filing, etc.); card (greetings, congratulations, etc.); (Western) playing cards; credit card; debit card; match; game
to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book); to locate; to find (e.g. something missing); to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to name; to call; to christen; to term
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryo period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
father; dad; papa; pa; pop; daddy
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to examine; to look up; to investigate; to check up; to sense; to study
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
body; group; party; company; troupe
company; lot; bunch; troupe; company (of musicians)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to attack; to assail; to succeed (someone in a post, role, etc.); to make a sudden visit
to drive away; to turn away; to send away; to repel; to repulse
at that time; at that moment; then; on that occasion
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to make a speech; to address
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)
adds force or indicates command
ace (playing card); ace (of a team); leading player; ace; hotshot; ace (serve)
sprinkling (of rain, salt, etc.); pattering; flipping (through a book, etc.); riffling; sparse; scattered
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...