indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
house (e.g. of Tokugawa); family
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
before one's very eyes; under one's nose; imminence; close at hand
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
natural; right; proper; naturally; as a matter of course; rightly
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
frunk; front trunk (e.g. of a car)
thousand years; many years
to disappear (of people or animals); to go (away); to leave; to no longer exist
to feel down; to feel sad; to be in a slump (business, economy, etc.); to be in an unfavourable condition; to fall into (e.g. a hole)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
odour; odor; scent; aura; whiff; smacks of ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to become less crowded; to thin out; to get empty; to be hungry
to give (someone) a treat; to be extravagant; to live luxuriously; to be proud; to be haughty
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
neighbourhood; neighborhood
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
in that way; thus; so; so?
mama; mamma; mom; female proprietress (of a bar, etc.)
to be coming; to be popular; to be fashionable; to be angry; to have blown one's lid
quarrel; brawl; fight; squabble; scuffle; argument
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good