year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (China, 9-23 CE)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
year; age; years; past one's prime; old age
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
January; first month of the lunar calendar
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
in; on; at (place); as for; regarding
outbreak; spring forth; generation (e.g. of power or heat); genesis; ontogeny; development of complex multicellular structures from cell(s) in a simple state
insurrection; rebellion; revolt; riot; uprising
direct; immediate; personal; firsthand
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
goods; materials; commodities; resources; supplies
insufficiency; deficiency; shortage; dissatisfaction; discontent; complaint
to suit; to match; to become; to be like
the preceding year; the previous year; last year
(field) marshal; (fleet) admiral; general of the army
insurrection; mutiny; rebellion; revolt; uprising
by means of; due to; because of; according to
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
requisition; commandeering; conscription
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
side; flank; profile; aspect; dimension
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
circulation (money, goods, etc.); distribution; circulation (air, water, etc.); ventilation; negotiable (e.g. shares); distributional
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
disturbance; obstruction; hindrance; jamming; interference
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
to add; to add up; to increase; to gather (e.g. speed); to include; to count in
reality; actuality; practice (as opposed to theory); truly; really; bhutakoti (limit of reality)
not less than; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; above-mentioned; aforementioned
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to produce; to yield; to cause; to result from; to arise; to be generated
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more