public matter; governmental matter; prince; duke; lord; sir
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
you; you bastard; you son of a bitch; (arch.) you
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to pull apart; to separate; to have a lead over; to pull ahead of; to outdistance
seeming; giving the appearance of; giving one the feeling of
(medical) doctor; physician
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
slow; time-consuming; late (in the day); towards the end (of the day or night); later (than expected or usual); late
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
please (give me); please (do for me)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
incompetence; inefficiency; inability; incompetent person
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
oath; vow; pledge; covenant
to accomplish; to achieve; to carry out; to do ... completely; to do ... entirely
youngster; boy; young Buddhist monk; young bonze; young shop-boy; errand boy
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to go to hell; to fall into hell; to be damned
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
how many years; how long; what year
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to become known; to come to light; to be known; to be understood; to clearly not amount to much; to be insignificant
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
minimum; (very) least; at least some (comfort, etc.); only (consolation, saving grace, etc.); sole
local specialty or souvenir bought as a gift while travelling; present brought by a visitor; something unpleasant that one is given (e.g. an illness while on vacation); unwelcome gift