forward; frontward; ahead; rectangular front
than; from; out of; except; but; more
military vessel; war fleet
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
getting closer; drawing nearer; being not much different; being near (age, skill, etc.); becoming close (i.e. friendly); becoming intimate
about; roughly; generally; on the whole; completely; quite
counter for ships (large boats); counter for half of a pair (e.g. half of a folding screen); counter for fish, birds, arrows, etc.
stopping a ship; detention; quarantine
to be playful; to gambol; to be amused (with something); to flirt with
attack; assault; raid; criticism; censure; denunciation
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
friend; ally; supporter; taking sides with; supporting; standing by
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
magnification; enlargement; expansion; amplification
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
Lord; Sir; state minister (under the ritsuryo system); (arch.) you (in reference to someone of lower status)
behind; in the rear; in back
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go in the direction of; to proceed toward; to become; to face (facts, circumstances, etc.); (arch.) to abide by; (arch.) to agree to
public matter; governmental matter; prince; duke; lord; sir
reporting; returning (one's findings to a person)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to entrust (e.g. a task) to another; to leave to; to passively leave to someone else's facilities; to leave to take its natural course; to continue (something) in a natural fashion (without particular aim); to rely fully on one's (full strength, great ability, long time taken) to get something done
biggest; greatest; largest; maximum
ship; boat; tank; tub; counter for boat-shaped containers (e.g. of sashimi)
gear; speed (e.g. 4-speed transmission)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
advance; moving forward; progress
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
leading group (of runners in a marathon, etc.); leading pack
reverse; opposite; converse (of a hypothesis, etc.); inverse (function)
to add; to add up; to increase; to gather (e.g. speed); to include; to count in