year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
September; ninth month of the lunar calendar
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
(those) who are; (that) which is; in the capacity of
notice of personnel change (appointment, dismissal, etc.); wording; choice of language; phraseology
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
in order to; for the purpose of; must; should
Chinese "star" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); Singapore
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to face; to go towards; to head towards
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
education of gifted young people; providing financial support to gifted students; education
by means of; due to; because of; according to
indicates the target of an activity; -ee (e.g. employee, examinee, trustee)
guardian; protector; patron; parent
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
after a long time; for the first time in a while
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
now (when it is already much too late); at this stage; afresh; anew; again
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
time; hour; period; class
to be too much for one; to find unmanageable; to be beyond one's control; to not know what to do with
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
it is not (like that) either
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
use; utilization; utilisation; application
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)