year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
February; second month of the lunar calendar
thirteenth day of the month; thirteen days
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
interval; period of time; among; between; good opportunity; chance
(field) marshal; (fleet) admiral; general of the army
promotion; advancement; rising in rank
principle; aim; purport; gist; instructions; orders
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
contacting; (making) contact; connection (with a train, bus, etc.); joining (a railway line, etc.); connection (between matters, incidents, etc.); relation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
by means of; due to; because of; according to
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
in history; ever; historical
the past; bygone days; one's past (that one would prefer remained secret); past (tense); preterit; previous life
record; minutes; record (e.g. in sports); results; to record; to document
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
personnel affairs; human affairs; human resources; HR
from the standpoint of; as a matter of (e.g. fact); aboard (a ship or vehicle); on top of; first volume (e.g. book); superior quality; best
renewal; update; innovation; improvement
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
give up; relinquish; serve up; let loose
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
unselfish; disinterested; unavaricious; free of avarice
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise