history of; experience of
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (China, 9-23 CE)
July; seventh month of the lunar calendar
twenty-fourth day of the month; twenty-four days
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
death; decease; (arch.) death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation); (an) out
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
escape; break-out; prolapse; proptosis
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to lead; to spearhead (a group); to command (troops)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to make an appearance; to show up
information; news; intelligence; information; data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.
by means of; due to; because of; according to
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
headquarters; head office; main office
old; former; the old; old things; old times; bygone days
government; administration
taking refuge; finding shelter; evacuation; escape; seeking safe haven
business; task; use; purpose; for the use of ...; used for ...
former site (of something); site (e.g. of a demolished building)
use; utilization; utilisation; application
I see; that's right; indeed
underground; below the ground; world of the dead; the grave; underground (activities, movement, etc.); secret
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
trouble; burden; nuisance; care; dependence; support
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
valley; ravine; cleavage (breasts); slum