indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
piece; fragment; one (object)
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to reach; to amount to; to be up to the task; to come up to; to compare with; to be a match (for)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
rate; ratio; profit; assignment; 10%; unit of ten percent; match
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
war; fighting; fierce competition
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
fear; dread; dismay; terror; horror; scare
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
tension; mental strain; nervousness
height; acme; extremity; end; limit
madness; craziness; insanity
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
wonderful; marvelous; strange; strangely enough; oddly enough; for some reason
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
because; the reason is; if you want to know why
all members; all hands; everyone; everybody; whole crew
beginning; outset; first; onset
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
writing; composition; essay; sentence
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
spoiled fun; loss of interest; damper (e.g. on the party); wet blanket; turn-off
ago; since; before; previous
publisher; publishing house; publishing company
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?