as is; as it is; as things are; like this; this way; at this rate
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
enough; sufficient; sufficiently; fully; division into ten
salary; pay; medical care; treatment; advance preparation
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
beyond one's control; nothing one can do
even if; no matter (what); if; though; although; supposing
inviolability; nonaggression; sacredness
will; probably; may; I think; surely; I hope
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to mind; to care; to worry
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
absolutely; positively; decidedly
riddle; puzzle; enigma; enigmatic; mysterious
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
pursuit (of a fleeing enemy); chase
capture; seizure; military capture of a foreign vessel; making a prize of
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
to be silent; to say nothing
adds force or indicates command
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
reason; principle; general principle (as opposed to individual concrete phenomenon); (in neo-Confucianism) the underlying principles of the cosmos
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
war; fighting; fierce competition
return; relapse; recurrence
inevitable; necessary; foregone; brinkmate (inevitable checkmate)
prospects of victory; chances of success
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion