prefix for forming ordinal numbers
union; alliance; combination; RENGO (Japanese Trade Union Confederation)
getting closer; drawing nearer; being not much different; being near (age, skill, etc.); becoming close (i.e. friendly); becoming intimate
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
how; in what way; how about
correspondence (to); equivalence; suitability; coordination; dealing with; coping with
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
chance (of success); odds
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
Chinese "star" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); Singapore
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
riddle; puzzle; enigma; enigmatic; mysterious
to tear off; to peel off; to rip off; to strip off; to skin; to flay
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
elucidation; explication; explaining; unravelling; clarification; understanding
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to set out; to set sail; to embark on (a new venture); to set out (to achieve something); to begin to ride; to lean forward
seeming to be; appearing to be; like; similar to; in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that
as is; as it is; as things are; like this; this way; at this rate
calm; quiet; gentle; moderate; reasonable; amicable
to finish; to get it over with; to settle; to pay back; to get along (without something); to make do with (without)
your Excellency; his Excellency; her Excellency
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to turn one's hand to; to reach out one's hand; to get involved in; to make a move on; to strike; to beat
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
even; even if; even though; because of; on the grounds that
same; similar; (just) like; equal
position; situation; viewpoint; standpoint; point of view
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to take measures (in face of events being anticipated); to come to an agreement (in bargaining, etc.); to strike a bargain; to clap one's hands together
sure; no mistaking it; for certain; without doubt