indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
suicide attack; kamikaze attack
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
stand; rack; support; holder; counter for machines, incl. vehicles; setting (e.g. in jewellery); level (e.g. price level)
feather; plume; wing; shuttlecock (in badminton)
(logical) true; regular; 10^40; ten thousand undecillion; original; positive
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
though one didn't intend (expect) to
to fall behind; to lag behind; to lose (race, contest)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
pirate; sea robber; buccaneer; freebooter
equation; formula; ceremony; style; (arch.) enforcement regulations (of the ritsuryo)
lawlessness; injustice; wrong; outrageous; lawless; disorderly
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to tear; to rip; to break through (cordon, opponent's defense, etc.); to breach; to defeat; to beat; to break (e.g. silence)
fragment; broken piece; splinter; chip; shard
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
sticking to; clinging to; adhesion; cohesion; agglutination
earth; soil; the earth (historically, esp. as opposed to the heavens); the ground; low-quality torinoko-gami (containing mud); (period of) refraining from construction in the direction of the god of the earth (in Onmyōdō)
base (military, expedition, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to determine (esp. a culprit or underlying cause); to pin down; to ascertain; (arch.) to stab to death
number; edition; sobriquet; pen-name; size (of printing types, canvases, knitting needles, etc.); suffix attached to names of ships, trains, airplanes, etc.
riddle; puzzle; enigma; enigmatic; mysterious
dazzling victory; win of a rank-and-file wrestler over the grand champion
to aim at (for, to do, to become); to try for; to have an eye on; to go toward; to head for
raging waves; stormy seas; hardships; troubles; adversities
to advance; to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to improve; to deepen
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
keep (it) steady (after a turn); understood; alright
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very