indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
gap; lag; difference; discrepancy; shear (e.g. shear stress)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
strange; odd; peculiar; queer; curious
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
direction; way; person; lady; method of; manner of; care of ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
firefly (Luciola cruciata); lightning bug; glowworm
seeing through; fluoroscopy; roentgenoscopy; clairvoyance; seeing through (objects)
to erase; to delete; to turn off (power); to switch off; to extinguish; to put out
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
center; centre; middle; -centered; -centred; -focused
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
magnification; enlargement; expansion; amplification
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
custom; practice; said; aforementioned; instance; example
demon; devil; evil spirit; -crazed person; -obsessed person; fiend
triangle; triangular shape
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
descent; fall; drop; passing down (of an order, decree, etc.)
to examine; to look up; to investigate; to check up; to sense; to study
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
after a long time; for the first time in a while
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to float; to be suspended; to rise to the surface; to appear; to come to mind; to have inspiration
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work