yo!; hello there!; wow!; oh!; yah! (yell)
to shine; to glitter; to sparkle
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
in that way; thus; so; so?
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
trouble; bother; annoyance; to be troubled (by); to be bothered (by); to be inconvenienced (by)
yes?; no?; isn't it?; is it?
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
have no choice; there is nothing but; no more than
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
with trouble; at great pains; rare; valuable; kind; generous
to be needed; to be wanted
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
important; significant; precious; valuable; careful
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
tea (usu. green); tea break (at work); tea ceremony
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
(ancient) Japan; Yamato (former province located in present-day Nara Prefecture)
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
such; this sort of; like this
form; shape; figure; visage
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then