book; volume; this; present; main; head
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
civilian clothes; plain clothes; mufti; plainclothes police officer
cleaning; dry cleaning; laundry service
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
depending on; as soon as; immediately after; as (e.g. "as one is told", "as one wishes"); whatever (e.g. "whatever is at hand"); order; program
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
that gentleman; that lady; he; she
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
assimilation; absorption; adaptation; assimilation; anabolism; assimilation (phonology)
by means of; due to; because of; according to
large quantity; massive (quantity); mass (e.g. mass production, mass transit, mass destruction)
destruction; disruption; (application) crash
one's possessions; ownership
illegal; illicit; unlawful
reason; cause; circumstances
Mikawa (former province located in the east of present-day Aichi Prefecture)
disappearance; vanishing; loss; dying away; wearing off
duty; responsibility (incl. supervision of staff); liability; onus
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
Saint; St.; S.; sacred; holy; pure
two reams (of paper); 1000 sheets (of paper); stanza; verse; tribe (in taxonomy); forecast (bet); bet which predicts the top 2 finishers (i.e. quinella or perfecta bet)
transfer; assignment; conveyance
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result