indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to sound; to ring; to resound; to echo; to roar; to rumble
juicy (i.e. having lots of juice or liquid); Okinawan rice gruel meal
egg white; white-fleshed fish (e.g. tai, hirame, karei); white meat; sapwood
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
fat; tallow; lard; grease
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
skin; hide; rind; peel; shell; sheath
delicious; tasty; sweet; attractive; appealing; convenient
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
outdoors; outside; open air; fields; outskirts; suburbs
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
criticism (by a teacher or coach, with commentary, especially at a poetry reading); review; critique
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
tightly (holding on); firmly; strongly (built); solidly; properly; well
to draw; to paint; to depict; to describe; to picture in one's mind; to imagine
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
considerably; greatly; a lot
cool; refreshing; clear (e.g. eyes); bright; clear; distinct
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
punch (with the fist); punching (a hole); hole punch; punch (drink); punch (in a song, speech, etc.); impact
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to chip; to be chipped; to be missing (from a set, team, etc.); to be absent; to be lacking (in); to be short (of)
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
autumn colours; fall colors; leaves turning red; red leaves; leaves turning yellow; yellow leaves; (Japanese) maple (Acer japonicum)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
(some) more; even more; longer; further
hot; warm; passionate; impassioned; on everybody's mind; on the radar
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
cold (e.g. weather); uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull
clearly; plainly; distinctly; to be clear; to be definite; to be certain
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
to that extent; to that degree; so much; so
noisy; loud; annoying; troublesome; fussy; finicky