oh!; ah!; oh dear!; good grief!; dear me!; thank God!
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
bargain; find; unbelievable good luck; unexpected good fortune
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
too; also; still; as before; even so; either way
honorific/polite/humble prefix
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
sword (esp. Japanese single-edged); katana; scalpel; chisel; burin; knife money (knife-shaped commodity money used in ancient China)
et cetera; etc.; and the like; and so forth
than; from; out of; except; but; more
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
miko; shrine maiden; young girl or woman (trad. an unmarried virgin) who assists priests at shrines; medium; sorceress; shamaness
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
grace (of God); benevolence (of Buddha); assistance; help; effects; influence
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to notice; to become aware; to be scrupulous; to be attentive; to recover consciousness; to come to oneself
adds force or indicates command
tightly (holding on); firmly; strongly (built); solidly; properly; well
to have medicine be effective
to return (something); to restore; to turn over; to turn upside down; to pay back; to retaliate; to respond (with)
odd; strange; queer; peculiar