indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
to turn over (face down); to lay face down; to point downwards (eyes, head, etc.); to cast down (eyes); to lie (one's body) face down; to lie flat (on the ground)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
unhurt; uninjured; flawless (e.g. gem); unblemished; spotless (e.g. reputation); faultless (e.g. performance)
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
brain waves; electroencephalogram; EEG
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
to be disordered; to be disarranged; to be discomposed; to be upset; to lapse into chaos (due to war, etc.)
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
now; the present time; just now; another; more
consciousness; becoming aware (of); awareness; mano-vijnana (mental consciousness, cognizer of sensory information)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to let go of; to release; to part with (e.g. a possession); to relinquish; to send away (e.g. one's child); to let go
research division; research club (e.g. at school, university)
idea; plan; draft; rough copy; expectation; (arch.) desk
tower; steeple; spire; stupa; pagoda; dagoba
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to examine; to look up; to investigate; to check up; to sense; to study
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
time; hour; period; class
wasteful; a waste; too good; more than one deserves; impious; profane
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
there; over there; genitals; private parts; that far; that much
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to roll; to tumble; to fall over; to roll over; to lie down; to be scattered about; to be lying around
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
human experiment; human experimentation; experiment on a living person
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
teacher; master; religious leader; specialist; (arch.) five-battalion brigade comprising 2500 men (Zhou-dynasty Chinese army)
about when; about what time; how soon
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound