Karoku era (1225.4.20-1227.12.10)
nothing; naught; nought; un-; non-
coming; going; being (somewhere); come; go; stay
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
tension; mental strain; nervousness
to push; to press; to apply pressure from above; to press down; to stamp (i.e. a passport); to apply a seal; to affix (e.g. gold leaf)
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
heavy; weighty; heavy (feeling); depressed; slow; sluggish; important (position, responsibility, etc.)
bad feeling; feeling bad; disagreeable; unpleasant; revolting; gross
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
ring; circle; hoop; wheel; circle (e.g. of friends)
identification papers; ID
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
to bite; to chew; to gnaw; to fumble one's words (esp. during a play, broadcast, etc.); to falter with one's words; to crash against (e.g. of waves); to break onto (shore)
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
intruder; invader; trespasser; raider
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to examine; to look up; to investigate; to check up; to sense; to study
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
but; however; provided that
condition; term; requirement; qualification; prerequisite
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen