indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
pain; ache; soreness; damage; injury; wear
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
pain; anguish; distress; suffering; hardship
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to carry on one's back; to be burdened with; to take responsibility for; to have (something) in the background; to be in front (of something); to be conceited
while; during; while; although; all; both
every day; daily; day after day; days (e.g. good old days)
to pass (time); to spend; to overdo (esp. of one's alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); (arch.) to take care of; (arch.) to support
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
alone; by oneself; on one's own
to hold in one's arms; to carry in one's arms; to have (problems, debts, etc.); to take on (a responsibility); to employ; to have (on one's staff)
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
sad; miserable; unhappy; sad; lamentable; deplorable
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
mistake; error; accident; mishap; improper conduct (e.g. between man and woman); indiscretion
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
to divulge one's true feelings; to open one's heart
to be tied together; to be connected to; to lead to; to be related to; to be related (by blood)
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
institution; establishment; facility; home (for elderly, orphans, etc.)
to hurry; to rush; to hasten; to make something happen sooner
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
to be separated; to be apart; to leave; to go away; to leave (a job, etc.); to quit
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
how; in what way; how about; questionable
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
bonds (between people); (emotional) ties; relationship; tether; fetters