indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
cavern; cave; cave system; grotto
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
instructor; (fencing) teacher; model
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
secret techniques (of an art or skill); inner mysteries; essence; quintessence; heart
inheritance; succession; accession; share-alike
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
test; trial; probation; ordeal; tribulation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
assembly hall; meeting place; venue; grounds
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
opponent; adversary; the competition; the other side; one's enemy
snare; trap (for catching wild game, etc.); trap (i.e. ruse, subterfuge, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
severe; strict; hard (to do); difficult; intense (e.g. cold); harsh (weather)
to herd; to drive; to corner; to force someone into doing; to go hard; to push yourself
than; from; out of; except; but; more
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
disliked; hated; tendency; smack (of); distinction; discrimination
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
previously; before; first; before (something or someone else); beforehand; in advance
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to put back; to return; to vomit; to throw up; to recover (of a market price)
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
actual state (of things); real state; live; on-the-scene; reporting live; live coverage
here I am; I'm home!; presently; right away; right now
from the standpoint of; as a matter of (e.g. fact); aboard (a ship or vehicle); on top of; first volume (e.g. book); superior quality; best