if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
underground spring; Hades; hell; underworld
reading; reading (of a kanji, esp. kun reading); reading (e.g. of a situation); insight
two persons; two people; pair; couple
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
thief; robber; burglar; bandit
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
now; the present time; just now; another; more
grasping; seizing; holding; commanding; having control over
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be added to; to be appended; to join in (e.g. a group of friends); to participate; to increase (e.g. heat); to gain in (e.g. influence)
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to finish; to get it over with; to settle; to pay back; to get along (without something); to make do with (without)
the past; bygone days; one's past (that one would prefer remained secret); past (tense); preterit; previous life
fate; destiny; connection; tie; pretext; justification
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
in comparison to; rather than
previously; before; first; before (something or someone else); beforehand; in advance
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
manly; sportsmanlike; pure (heart, actions, etc.); upright; (arch.) unsullied (e.g. scenery or object); (arch.) pure
coping method; approach; how to deal with (problem, etc.)
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
cold (to the touch); chilly; icy; (emotionally) cold; coldhearted; unfeeling
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
mythical carp with the head of a lion and the body of a fish (auspicious protectors of well-being)
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation