to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
commercial (radio, TV, etc.); ad; construction management; contract manufacturer; customer management; court martial
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
victory or defeat; match; contest; game
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
opposite; opposition; versus; vs.; to (e.g. "winning a game five to three"); equal footing
war; battle; match; game; competition
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
in one go; in one gulp; in one breath; immediately; instantly; right away
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
Christmas Eve; holy night
to snatch away; to dispossess; to steal
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to separate; to part; to divide; to keep apart
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to part (usu. of people); to part from; to separate (of a couple); to break up; to lose (e.g. one's mother); to be bereaved
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
Dragon King; promoted rook
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to remove; to take off; to drop (e.g. from a team); to remove (from a position); to leave (e.g. one's seat); to go away from
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
getting closer; drawing nearer; being not much different; being near (age, skill, etc.); becoming close (i.e. friendly); becoming intimate