ladies' (fashion, etc.); female bōsōzoku gang
nightlife districts; drinking districts
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to glitter; to glisten; to sparkle; to twinkle; to glare; to gleam
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
deplorable; regrettable; disappointing; vexing; unfortunate
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out
spare time; free time; time (e.g. time it takes to do something); time off; day off; quitting (one's job)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be lost (e.g. luggage); to be missing; to be used up; to be run out; to disappear (e.g. pain); to be lost (e.g. a dream, confidence)
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
damn; damn it; feces; excrement; damn; damned; very
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to disappear; to vanish; to abscond; to decamp
already; now; by this time; quick; early; fast
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
only; merely; but; no more than
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
again; once more; a second time
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
until now; so far; up to the present
crime; criminal act; offence; offense
space; interval; space character; whitespace
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
to open (e.g. doors); to open (e.g. business, etc.); to be empty; to be vacant; to be available; to be open (e.g. neckline, etc.); to have been opened (of one's eyes, mouth, etc.)
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
you must be kidding; hey, come on!; surely not!