indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
multi-floor building; multi-storey building; bill
first floor; ground floor; one floor; one storey; one rank
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
rest; break; recess; intermission
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
detective; investigator; sleuth; detective work; secret investigation
company employee; member of a corporation; company stockholder (esp. in legal contexts)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to gather in large numbers (of people); to hang out (as a large group); to assemble (as a military unit or posse); to be quartered (in a particular location)
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
honorific/polite/humble prefix
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
applicant; candidate; person interested in doing something; person wanting to do something; interested party; volunteer
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
paper (in rock-paper-scissors); disappearing completely; coming to nought; foolishness; stupidity
reaction; recoil; kick; backlash
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
war; battle; match; game; competition
establishment; founding; organization; organisation
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
fierce battle; hard-fought battle; hot contest; severe fight
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
fall; drop; descent; coming down
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to defend against; to protect against; to prevent; to avert; to avoid
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
moreover; furthermore; nevertheless; and yet
thanks to ...; owing to ...; because of ...
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she