indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
light (i.e. not heavy); feeling light (i.e. offering little resistance, moving easily); light (i.e. of foot); effortless; non-serious; minor; slight
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to redeem (from sin); to save
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
being particular (about); being fussy; being picky; being choosy; being fastidious
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
request; commission; entrusting (with a matter); dependence; reliance
feeling refreshed; feeling relieved; neat; tidy; frank; open-hearted; completely
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
in this way; thus; such; uh...
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
exhausted; tired; withered; worn out; boiling until shapeless or mushy; tediously
spare time; free time; time (e.g. time it takes to do something); time off; day off; quitting (one's job); firing someone
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
polish; improvement; burnishing
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
toilet; lavatory; water closet; restroom; bathroom
cleaning; sweeping; dusting; scrubbing
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
you can't make an omelet without breaking eggs; you can't solve a problem without making some sacrifice
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?