oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to go mad; to lose one's mind; to get out of order; to go amiss; to go wrong (of a plan or expectation, etc.); to fall through
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
request; commission; entrusting (with a matter); dependence; reliance
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
grandfather (may be used after name as honorific); male senior-citizen (may be used after name as honorific)
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
than; from; out of; except; but; more
to cherish; to treasure; to prize; to take good care of; to look after
class (e.g. school); grade; rank; kyū; kyu; junior rank in martial arts, go, shogi, etc.
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
sword (esp. Japanese single-edged); katana; scalpel; chisel; burin; knife money (knife-shaped commodity money used in ancient China)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
destruction; disruption; (application) crash
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
first-class; top grade; characteristic; peculiar; school (e.g. of a performance art); one flag
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
(as for (that)) thing; (given (that)) thing; matter; (it is a ...) thing; matter; fact
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
to peek (through a keyhole, gap, etc.); to look down into (a ravine, etc.); to peek into (a shop, bookstore, etc.); to sneak a look at; to take a quick look at; to peep (through a telescope, microscope, etc.); to stick out (a scarf from a collar, etc.)
I would rather; I would as lief do; strong preference
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
order's up; one order ready; coming up; problem solved; one down; all done
previously; before; first; before (something or someone else); beforehand; in advance
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?